A new study from Northwestern Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania has found that extending patch treatment beyond the standard eight-week duration can lead to better smoking cessation rates — and established that a longer regimen is just as safe. The study, published Feb. Six months after treatment, 22 percent of participants in the eight-week group were abstinent, compared with 27 percent of those in the week and week groups.
The work replicates the results of a previous University of Pennsylvania study that showed week patch treatment leads to a higher likelihood of smoking cessation than eight-week treatment. But the new study was the first to investigate week treatment. While safe, 52 weeks on the patch did not lead to better quit rates. Secondhand smoke has caused non-smokers an increase in cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.
This can lead to a heart attack and even death. Children exposed to cigarette smoke are in danger of developing respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
In can also cause them to have frequent asthma attacks, more ear infections, and there is also a risk for sudden infant death syndrome SIDS. Teenagers are prone to pick up the habit quick, from family or friends.
Many think that they will be able to stop within 5 years, but in many cases it has led them to develop a nicotine addiction. The earlier a young person starts smoking, the more likely they are to become addicted, according to a fact sheet by the Surgeon General. Smokers can experience both the physical and psychological consequences of nicotine addiction. The addictive properties of both components create a cycle that continues, increasing the risk of developing debilitating health issues.
Smokers think that a cigarette is needed in order to feel better, think or just relax, this cycle can run through the day. It can also create pattern behaviors and a person will smoke while drinking coffee, after every meal, after having sex, writing, and at other moments to feel calm or even focused. Robert A. Patricia M. Frank T. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Author manuscript; available in PMC Apr Schnoll , PhD, Patricia M. Paul Wileyto.
Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding Author: Robert A. Copyright notice. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Associated Data Supplementary Materials supplement. Methods Study Design Given the widespread and easy access to nicotine patches and the goal of enhancing the study generalizability, the trial design leaned toward an effectiveness design.
Participants Participants were recruited from June 22, , through April 15, Procedures After an in-person visit to confirm eligibility, participants were randomized to 8, 24, or 52 weeks of therapy consisting of transdermal nicotine patches delivering a dose of 21 mg Nicoderm CQ; GlaxoSmithKline Figure 1. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Table 1 Participant Characteristics. No significant differences were found in these variables across treatment arms. Abstinence Rates At 24 weeks, Figure 2.
Secondary Outcomes Participants in the standard treatment arm showed significantly fewer days until relapse mean [SD], 72 [ Adherence and Adverse Effects Participants in the maintenance treatment arm used significantly fewer patches per week mean [SD], 3.
Discussion To help determine the therapeutic benefit of long-term treatment with nicotine patches, this study evaluated whether treating smokers with nicotine patches beyond 24 weeks increases the likelihood of abstinence. Conclusions Despite these limitations, the present study provides additional support for the benefits and safety of 24 weeks of nicotine patch therapy for promoting smoking cessation. Supplementary Material supplement Click here to view.
Footnotes Author Contributions: Dr Schnoll had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Contributor Information Robert A. Use of smoking-cessation treatments in the United States. Am J Prev Med.
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Addict Behav. Can the blind see? J Subst Abuse Treat. Relationship between adherence to daily nicotine patch use and treatment efficacy: secondary analysis of a week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial simulating over-the-counter use in adult smokers. Clin Ther. Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy. Model 1 a. Treatment arm reference, standard treatment. Model 2 b. Treatment arm reference, standard and extended treatment.
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