Mud brick building in old town in Niger. Materials and Methods 2. Materials The materials used in this study for mud brick production were sand and mud as the main matrix, and hay, ce- ment, lime, Bitumen, steel fibers, and steel filing as fibrous materials.
Methods In this experimental program, physical tests were carried out on natural mud obtained from Saudi Arabia. The objective of these tests was to analyze and investigate the physical properties of the material used in manufac- turing the bricks.
A sample of the soil material used in this research is shown in Figure 3. A sieve analysis test was performed on the specimen to determine the grading and the ratio of fines. The soil material was washed on a No. Plastic limit and liquid limit tests were carried out on the soil specimen. The plastic limit and liquid limit for the soil specimen were found to be Many factors were considered in the experimental program.
These included changing the ingredients of the mixture to reach an optimum compressive strength for the produced brick. The variables considered can be di- vided into the following ten groups, as shown in Tables , respectively. Figure 3. Tested mud. Table 1. Test Wt. Mud Wt. Water Wt. Hay Av. Sample Av. Load No.
Table 2. Sand Wt. Table 8. Mixing of Raw Materials The raw materials used in this study were mixed together to reach optimum brick properties. These properties include compressive strength and water absorption without sacrificing the superior advantage of the mud brick, which is heat performance. Each test was carried out on three identical specimens. The average value of these specimens is shown in Table 1.
The objective of these tests was to reach an optimum ratio to achieve a high compression strength for the bricks. The hay ratio was kept constant in all the specimens for this group. The hay weight was 20 gm representing 0. Table 1 shows a description for this test group. The required weights of brick ingredients were prepared for each batch. First, the mud, sand, and hay were mixed in the soil mixer for few minutes, and then water was gradually added. After casting the cubic samples, all top surfaces were given a smooth final finish by a straight edge.
The brick specimens were taken out of the moulds right after casting and left to dry in the air. Figure 4 shows the brick samples after casting. Hay Ratio In specimen Group 2, tests were conducted on nine specimens representing tests No. It should be noted that a hay ratio of 0.
Cement Ratio Tests No. Cement and Hay Ratio In specimens of Group 4, the effect of adding cement together with hay as bonding materials was considered. In tests No. Lime Ratio Tests No.
Lime and Hay Ratio In specimens of group 6, the effect of adding lime and hay as bonding materials was considered. Lime, Hay, and Bitumen In specimens of Group 7, the effect of adding lime, hay, and bitumen as bonding materials was considered. Brick samples after casting. Bitumen was added to the specimen until the whole mixture turned black, as shown in Table 7.
Lime and Hay No Sand In specimens of Group 8, the effect of removing the sand from the mixture was considered. The specimens of this group consisted of mud, water, lime, and hay only. The weight of the sand was exchanged for the same weight in mud. This resulted in a ratio of hay to mud of 0. The lime ratios in tests No.
Steel Fibers Test No. The fibers ratio con- sidered was 0. Experiment and Test Procedure The testing procedure investigated the strength behavior of the mud brick samples. Experimental measurements were directed to determine the propagation of cracks with an increase of load, the crack pattern before failure, and the ultimate capacity of the brick samples.
Also shown in the figure is the proving ring attached to the vertical jack. This ring, having a capacity of 28 KN was used to monitor the vertically-applied load. All the specimens were loaded until failure. Test Results Tables show the failure load for all the specimens.
During increases in load, cracks were formed at sides of the tested specimens. Crack width and length increased and eventually lead to final collapse. Figure 6 shows the typical cracking pattern at failure. Figure 5. Test setup. Figure 6. Crack pattern at failure. Increasing this ratio above 0. At this optimum ratio, the average failure load of the mud brick samples was The ratio of hay was the only variable that changed in group 2 of the tests.
This group tested hay percentage ratios of 0. Figure 8 shows the effect of increasing the hay ratio in a basic sample. The figure shows that the optimum hay ratio was 0. This ratio was then kept constant in the following test samples consisting of sand, mud, water, and hay. In group 3, the hay was exchanged for cement as a bonding material.
Figure 9 a shows that increasing the cement ratio has the effect of increasing the compressive strength. This indicates that hay is more effective than cement in increasing compressive strength. Moreover, it is well known that increasing the cement in the mixture has a negative effect on the thermal properties of the produced brick [7]. In group 4, tests for cement and hay were added together to the basic sample. The hay ratio was kept at the optimum ratio of 0. The results are shown in Figure 9 b.
The hay was exchanged by lime as a bonding material in Group 5. The results are shown in Figure 10 a. The results show that increasing the lime ratio increases the load capacity of the brick samples.
In Group 5, there was no hay added to the basic mixture. In Group 6, lime was added to the basic mixture containing sand, mud, and water, in addition to the hay. The hay ratio was kept equal to the optimum ratio of 0. Figure 10 b shows the effect of increasing the lime ratio to the basic components of the brick containing hay. Comparing Figure 9 b and Figure 10 b for specimens with hay in addition to cement or lime, respectively, both figures show a similar trend for compressive strength.
Compressive Strength Testing Preliminary Experimental Results Quantitative Ecopoints Analysis Home Documents Mud Brick Construction. See Full Reader. Post on Nov views. Category: Documents 2 download. Tags: human settlements programme good earth trust pulverised fly ash pulverized fly ash proposed method statement long term sustainability uk building regulations unfired mud bricks.
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